Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins, commonly known as sanitary pads, are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production and their properties is crucial for ensuring comfort, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary napkins.

## Composition of Sanitary Napkins

Sanitary napkins are composed of several layers, each made from different materials to serve specific functions. The primary components include:

– Top Layer: This is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It is usually made from a non-woven fabric or a perforated film that allows for quick absorption of menstrual fluid while keeping the surface dry.
– Absorbent Core: The core is the most critical part of the napkin, responsible for absorbing and retaining the menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a blend of wood pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP).
– Back Layer: The back layer is made from a waterproof material, usually polyethylene, to prevent leakage and keep the fluid contained within the napkin.
– Adhesive: A pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to the back layer to keep the napkin securely in place on the underwear.
– Release Paper: This is a protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is usually made from silicone-coated paper.

## Properties of Raw Materials

Each raw material used in sanitary napkins has specific properties that contribute to the overall functionality and comfort of the product:

– Non-Woven Fabric/Perforated Film (Top Layer): These materials are chosen for their softness, breathability, and ability to wick moisture away from the skin, reducing the risk of irritation and discomfort.
– Wood Pulp (Absorbent Core): Wood pulp is highly absorbent and provides the bulk of the absorbent core. It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
– Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP): SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. They enhance the absorbency of the core and help in locking away moisture.
– Polyethylene (Back Layer): This material is waterproof and flexible, providing a barrier against leaks while maintaining the napkin’s shape and integrity.
– Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive: The adhesive must be strong enough to keep the napkin in place but gentle enough to be removed without leaving residue or damaging the underwear.
– Silicone-Coated Paper (Release Paper): This material is designed to be easily removable and provides a smooth surface for the adhesive to adhere to when the napkin is in use.

## Conclusion

The composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary napkins are carefully selected to ensure optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Each layer and material plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the product, from absorption and retention to leak prevention and skin comfort. Understanding these components helps in appreciating the engineering and design that goes into creating an essential hygiene product for women.